What term describes the mineralized deposit formed on teeth?

• A. Calculus
• B. Plaque
• C. Stains
• D. Gingivitis

Answer: (A)

Calculus, also called tartar, is the mineralized dental plaque that forms on teeth. It develops when minerals in saliva precipitate within the sticky biofilm of bacteria, turning it into a hard, adherent deposit. Because it’s mineralized, calculus cannot be removed by regular brushing and requires scaling for removal. It may be present on the tooth crown above the gumline (supragingival) or beneath the gumline around the roots (subgingival), and its rough surface promotes more plaque buildup and can contribute to periodontal disease. In contrast, plaque is the soft, nonmineralized biofilm; stains are discolorations; gingivitis is gum inflammation.